Moreover, knowledge transfer could be bidirectional, when a subsidiary transfers valuable knowledge to headquarters through reverse diffusion (Ferner & Varul, 2000). Another important term in this essay is corporate social responsibility (CSR), defined broadly by Watts & Holme (1999) as the ethically committed behavior of a company towards the society in which the company's management is also responsible for improving the situation stakeholders of the company together with their shareholders. Furthermore, the concept of workforce diversity recognizes the existence of visible or invisible differences among employees based on gender, age, religion, culture, marital status, social status, ethnicity, sexual orientation, personality and culture (Kossek et al.,