Question 1Bullying in the workplace can be defined as inappropriate interpersonal behaviors to which workers are subjected by virtue of their employment. This includes persistent and unwarranted criticism, constant scrutiny of work or unfair accusations of incompetence, insubordination or continuous criticism, threats or behavior towards a person that intimidates, humiliates and undermines his or her ability to do his or her job. The consequence of bullying is that it undermines the dignity and self-esteem of individuals who become less productive and may suffer from trauma-related illnesses and therefore loss of productive time. Beyond that, the type of aggression is particularly difficult because, unlike typical forms of school bullying, workplace bullies often operate within the established rules and policies of their organization and society. In most cases, workplace bullying is reported as being perpetrated by someone who has authority over the victim. However, bullies can also be peers and, at times, subordinates. Bullying can be covert or overt. It may not be known to superiors or be known by many throughout the organization. The negative effects are not limited to the targeted individuals and can lead to a decline in employee morale and a change in company culture. Organizational justice refers to employees' perceptions of fairness in the workplace. Decisions and actions and how they influence employee attitudes and behaviors at work. These perceptions can be classified into three categories: distributive, procedural and interactional. Distributive Justice Distributive justice reflects perceptions regarding the fairness of outcomes while procedural justice reflects perceptions of processes that leave…middle of paper…acceptable. ConclusionIn conclusion, recognizing the occurrence of upward bullying would allow organizations to take the first step in addressing the phenomenon. Further actions may then occur, such as implementing support mechanisms for managers and staff. Such action by organizations is considered vital, not only for the well-being of managers, but also of the work group and the organization in general. So, the organization needs to find a solution to these problems, for example to place roles within the company and also create a fair working environment, since employees need training to know who to find a good job and everyone also share work in safe workplace team work and effective motivation tools will give the company a good workplace, finally the organization must be effective to deceive the leadership and spread the c