Topic > The Golden Rule in the Ethical Theories of Kant and Mill

Ethics refers to what people consider to be good or bad, right or wrong. It is a theory that deals with values ​​that concern human behavior; with respect to their actions and purposes. The two most important philosophers dealing with ethics are Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill. Kant's ethical theory is Kantianism or deontological ethics. Mill's ethical theory is utilitarianism. The theories of both philosophers have many differences; Kant's theory deals with conduct, seeking the reason for a good action in duty. Mill's theory deals with the consequences and maximization of human happiness. However, both Kant's and Mill's ethics relate to the important biblical principle of the Golden Rule. What makes actions right? For some philosophers it is their consequences, such as the pleasure or happiness they produce. But for a deontologist like Immanuel Kant, rectitude is the action itself and the obligation to carry it out. His ethics is a theory of how a person should act, real action and the morality of action. This implies that as long as a person acts morally, the consequences of the actions do not matter. “For Kant, doing the right thing is not a matter of character, disposition, or circumstance, which are or could be beyond one's control. Instead, it is a question of duty, of acting in compliance with the moral law." (Stangroom, J. & Garvey, J. 2005, p.79) Moral laws are a system of guidelines for controlling human behavior; like the laws of society. The Ten Commandments established by Moses are moral laws with commands from a divine being, moral laws can be a set of universal rules that everyone should abide by. Kant argues that: “The moral law cannot be of a hypothetical nature, it cannot have the form, 'if you want such and such, do it... middle of paper... I would not like to be the one who is killed and also you cannot not kill because you would like to be one of the two people who save themselves. As for Mill, his ethics states that actions are right insofar as they tend to promote happiness and wrong insofar as they tend to produce unhappiness. It cannot be the same as the Golden Rule because Mill believes that pleasure is better than pain and that one should act in a way that produces the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. However, with respect to the Golden Rule, treat others as you would like to be treated – let's say you like the sensation of pain, you would treat others with pain but Mill says pleasure is better than pain and pain does not produce happiness. Overall it is believed that both Kant's and Mill's ethics essentially refer to the Golden Rule, but they cannot be the same thing as the Golden Rule.