1. (652)In reading The Sources of Normativity, Christine Korsgaard discusses four fundamental theories for the justification of morality: voluntarism, realism, reflective approval, and appeal to autonomy. For the purposes of this essay, I will define voluntarism, outlining the argument Korsgaard presents for voluntarism and explaining his criticisms of why it fails. First I would like to start by defining the meaning of voluntarism. Voluntarism is the theory that God or the ultimate nature of reality must be conceived of as some form of will (or conation). This theory contrasts with intellectualism, which attributes primacy to God's reason. (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy) The will, as referred to in the previous context, can be defined as the superior authority or power that creates a purpose or intention and takes decisions and choices. Voluntarism according to Christine Korsgaard is the theory according to which “moral obligation derives from the command of someone who has legitimate authority over the moral agent and therefore can legislate for him” (24). The moral agent can be described as someone or something capable of right or wrong actions. So, regarding the quote above, when it comes to morality, one's intellect will precede. This source-of-normativity explanation explains that there may be reasons for the law, but it is the fact that a law exists that creates the obligation. Voluntarism explains cognitivism in a way that because we, as moral beings, are subject to laws, including those of a moral nature, we are, therefore, subject to the makers of the law. Korsgaard argues that the willingness to want to obey the law depends primarily on the reasons that push us to obey the laws... middle of paper... ty. Ignoring this obligation can be harmful to a company, no matter how you look at it. The company acquires value when it manages to support social responsibilities while maximizing profits at the same time. Man created business, business did not create man, so we must govern and reign over it responsibly. Works Cited Ciulla, Joanne B., Clancy W. Martin, and Robert C. Solomon. Honest Work: A Reader in Business Ethics. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford UP, 2011. Print.Korsgaard, Christine M. The Sources of Normativity. Clare Hall, University of Cambridge: The Tanner Lectures on Human Values, 16-17 November 1992. PDF.O'Neill, Onora. A simplified account of Kant's ethics. McGraw-Hill Publishing, 1986. PDF. “Voluntarism [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy].” Encyclopedia of philosophy on the Internet. August 28, 2004. Web. October 22. 2011. .