1. What is the typical sequence of events involved in the complaints process? Be sure to discuss this thoroughly. Within any organization it is not uncommon to have disagreements between the employer and employees. It is typical for disputes, dissatisfaction, misunderstandings, contractual violations or different interpretations to occur when it comes to specific agreements or requirements between the employee and the employee organization. When a problem arises, the employee is given the opportunity to file a complaint. The goal of a complaint is to resolve a complaint or dissatisfaction through a formal process and resolve the matter at the lowest possible level. The book defines a grievance as a complaint or expression of dissatisfaction brought by an employee or employee organization as an initial step toward resolution through a formal procedure (Swanson, 2012, p. 494). Once an employee has deemed a problem serious, they must follow the appropriate complaints procedure. The grievance procedure is a formal process that has been the subject of bilateral negotiations and is detailed in the contract (Swanson, 2012, p. 495). The process involves seeking redress of grievances through progressively higher levels of authority and most often culminates in binding arbitration (Swanson, 2012, p. 495). When complaints are filed, they must follow a sequence that ensures that every effort is made by the parties to ensure prompt disposition of filed complaints. The text outlines the following steps in sequence when proceeding with the grievance process: Step 1. The member must first submit their grievance to their immediate supervisor within five days of the occurrence… middle of paper… … .By the 1990s, performance-based budgeting had regained favor with the federal government (Swanson, 2012, p. 530). As a result of the use of performance budgeting at the state and federal levels, it has continued to evolve and is a mainstay of budgeting practice. Although the terminology has changed, the pure form of a performance-based budget is a results-oriented tool designed to relate the amount of various types of work performed to the amount of money spent to produce work (Swanson, 2012, p. 530). . Although PBB has abandoned the use of cost measures, cost accounting requires a high level of expertise and is expensive. Any PBB cost measures are typically minimal or may not even be present. Today, police PBB has performance measures or indicators, which may be modest or more fully developed depending on the jurisdiction (Swanson, 2012, p... 531).