Muslim destinations. 1 “Labor shortages occurred in the southern region of Iran and the Persian Gulf during the 18th and 19th centuries, resulting in new demands for imported labor to work in Gulf cooking pots, coastal villages, and local militias. The East African slave trade provided temporary labor until the First World War.”2 The combination of different forms of slavery and forced labor in the labor market is notable.3 Economic change and the growing demand for slaves from East Africa have had different impacts in the supply and receiving areas. Large numbers of engaged and bonded workers in Africa have faced changes in their conditions and have been exported far from their homes. On the other hand, a "new understanding" of slavery occurred in Muslim "states", where slavery was reshaped according to their religious interpretations in order to maintain it as a legal practice. Despite the increase in slave exports to the Middle East, Zanzibar Island remained the primary slave destination for most slaves. 60% of the slaves were absorbed by the plantations of Zanzibar and Pemba.4 This expansion took place when the Omani Emirate of Zanzibar “imported” the plantation complex from Reunion and Mauritius to Zanzibar and Pemba.5 Sultan of Zanzibar Seyyid Sa' id began after 1820 a spectacular plantation development in Zanzibar and Pemba, apparently inspired by the French. Plantations in the African Emirate were dedicated to growing cloves for export to the Indian market. This market had a notable growth, just as the imports of slaves from the continent increased, so the Swahili coast and Mozambique were involved in a constant export of slaves,6 and their coasts were visited by ships owned by merchants of.... .. paper medium…even greater slavery.”25 Furthermore, slave exports to the Persian Gulf also remained stable, small dhows with slaves traveled across the Indian Ocean avoiding the Royal Navy during the nineteenth century.26 Therefore, it is It was clear that the diplomatic initiative was more symbolic than real, and the slave trade remained thriving across the Indian Ocean. A large number of ports were hostile to the British presence, so the mission of controlling ships became almost impossible for the Royal Navy. On the other hand, the space to be controlled was beyond the capabilities of any Navy. However, the English constantly chased ships with the “prohibited cargo” and simultaneously pressured rulers to stop slavery as a means of production. Despite all these attempts, the slave trade continued until the official occupation of Zanzibar and much of the East African coast by the British,