Resistance and Demographics Introduction Demographics such as age, education, marital status, number of children, and even race and religion are variables commonly associated with many aspects of life. These variables are taken into consideration in studies covering many topics. In the following section, demographics related to age, education, and marital status will be examined, along with personality dispositions for hardiness. There hasn't been much research done on hardiness and demographics, so the evidence presented here is important as it can begin to shed light on the personality significance of hardiness. The first section will cover age-related evidence. Age Older individuals focus less on the negative aspects of life as they age, which leads them to become more optimistic in life experiences. Robustness would be an added benefit to the optimism already possessed by older individuals. Younger individuals are still progressing through life with many unexpected life experiences awaiting them. Adjusting from adolescence to adulthood can be stressful, and hardiness could be helpful. The following study includes findings focusing on age and hardiness. Schmied & Lawler, (1986) examined the impact of hardiness, Type A personality, and stress on women working as secretaries. The study sample consisted of eighty-two secretaries between the ages of 21 and 59. The average age of these women was 35 years. Resistance was measured using the Alienation from Work scale and the Alienation from Self scale to measure commitment, the Security scale to measure challenge, and finally the Internal versus External locus of control scale and the Helplessness Scale to measure control. Higher age, gender, and age differentiate college academic performance. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 79, 189-204. Doi:10.1348/000709908X304406.Sigurd, H. W., Eid, J., & Brevik, J. I. (2011). Effects of psychological resistance, job demands, and job control on sickness absence: A prospective study. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16(3), 265-278. Doi: 10.1037/a0022904Tang, T. L., & Hammontree, M. L. (1992). The effects of resistance, police stress, and life stress on police officer illness and absenteeism. The Journal of Public Personnel Management, 21(4), 493-510. Doi: 10.1080/00220671.1995.9941310.Thomson, W. C., & Wendt, J. C. (2001). Contribution of resistance and alienation to the school climate experienced by student teachers. The Journal of Educational Research, 88(5),269-274. Doi: 10.1080/00220671.1995.9941310.