Topic > Religion - 1956

With a multiplicity of variations among the myriad forms that exist and have existed in the past, religion is a difficult subject on which people can reach mutual agreements, especially regarding one's purpose in life of human beings. Taking a sociological perspective on this phenomenon, Berger defines religion as the human endeavor, stimulated by man's unique biological constitution, through which a sacred cosmos is created for the purpose of establishing a sense of order and meaning in the life of man. man and to protect him from aggression. horrors of nothingness and chaos. Nonhuman animals enter worlds that have been mapped out for them, with limited choices available and safe guidelines by which they must live. Man, however, has a “subspecialized and undirected” instinctive nature (5), so he must create his own world. This world-building, the creation of society, occurs in three stages. First, humans pour meaning into their surroundings and create culture, a process known as externalization (5-6). Society and all its parts created by it, material and immaterial, become "objectified human activity" (11), as its status of existence separate from the human beings who created it transforms it into an objective reality that men they collectively regard as fact. In the final stage of world-building, through the process of socialization, man is not only taught the objectified meanings of his society, but he “internalizes” them so that they form his own consciousness (15). This socially constructed world is «above all an ordering of experience... a nomos» (19). Externalizing meaning into an otherwise meaningless environment, transforming those meanings into objective realities and internalizing them into consciousness, ... middle of paper ... within the private sphere. The above argument aims to highlight that religion is a powerful human construction that, in its use of the sacred as validation of the man-made world, has the power to detach itself from its human origins and take on a reality all its own. Because man comes into the world with limited instincts and an extraordinary variety of choices to make, religion helps him build and maintain a world that gives him a sense of rootedness, allowing everything he does to seem more orderly and meaningful than how much it would not be otherwise. Religion is so comprehensive that, even when secularizing forces remove religious legitimations from the social world as a whole, religion still maintains ordering and meaningful positions within the private lives of people around the world, remaining a sacred canopy beneath the which humans can feel safe and secure.