Critique of Practice General Information about Testing Professional Assessments for Beginning Teachers or Praxis are administered through educational testing services and are currently the most popular standard-referenced test used (Brown, 2008) . The Praxis Series tests measure knowledge of important content and the skills required to teach (Educational Testing Service, 2010). Each of the tests reflects what is believed to be important for new teachers, as highlighted by professionals in the United States. Praxis I covers academic skills assessments, while Praxis II covers subject assessments (Brown, 2008). The tests include both multiple choice and constructed responses (CR) or essays (Sergi, 2001). Praxis I is used by many institutions as a method for evaluating candidates for entry into teacher education programs (ETS, 2010). The Praxis II test is used for initial teacher licensing and throughout different stages of a teacher's career. Scoring Tests consisting only of multiple-choice items are assigned a raw score based on correct test answers (ETS, 2011). There is no penalty for incorrect answers. Constructed-response-only tests are assigned a raw score from a pool of scores on individual items. Each item is read and scored by two trained raters who assign a score based on a rubric, and the sum of the scores constitutes the raw score for the item. For tests that include both types of questions, raw scores are a weighted composite of the multiple-choice raw score and individual constructed response scores. Although a score obtained by a person in one state has the same meaning as a person taking the same test in another state, minimum scores vary from state to state (ETS, 2010). Although Praxis test scores are transferable across…middle of the paper…and continuous at the basic level, states must examine building structures to ensure that teacher intellectual growth occurs (Mitchell, Barth, 1999). . States should also look to align their standards for teachers and raise passing scores to be more uniform. However, there is insufficient evidence of reliability or validity, beyond the content of the test, to claim that the test accurately measures its constructs. After consulting several academic databases, including EBSCO and ERIC, there was limited evidence demonstrating non-content validity. While researching a trial review of Praxis at the Burrows Institute, they noticed that the reviews were not available because ETS provided insufficient materials. Reviews of the National Teachers' Examination were available, which is the test that Praxis replaced; however, the test has changed extensively.