Regarding ontology and metaphysics, there has always been the question of whether or not the nature of reality is fundamentally material or phenomenal, or whether or not mental states emerge from material causes thus making them causally inert in themselves or whether or not material things are subsets of an underlying phenomenal realm in which this gave rise to two branches of philosophy: materialism and non-materialism. Materialism has been adopted as the ontologically privileged philosophy to comprehensively describe all that is Western philosophy starting from an axiom advanced by the Stoics; everything that exists is material where there is nothing that exists that is immaterial. Western science takes this axiom, along with its implicit postulates, for granted, however, the idea now is that nothing exists that is not physical. This subtlety is called physicalism; however, the underlying premise is an inductive argument, meaning it can be refuted via counterexamples to the axioms that define what it means for something to be material, so to prove non-materialism, it is necessary to work out empirical counterexamples examples where parapsychology provides empirical counterexamples in support of antimaterialism. Physicalism begins with the premise that nothing exists that is not physical where everything that exists is physical; however, how do you define what it means for something to be physical? Intuitively, when you think of the word physical, you think of things that are material and concrete, but there are things that are immaterial but physical such as voids and fields. Things that are physical predicate both material objects, such as matter and energy, and immaterial objects, such as... middle of paper... in parapsychology where this provides an empirical case for non-materialism and a counterexample to physicalism. Similarly to how physicalism claims that everything that exists is a subset of a physical domain, the non-spatio-temporal nature of precognition and other psychic phenomena would imply that the physical world is actually a subset of a non-physical domain in which entities in that domain have causal properties where things. While physicalism is taken for granted in Western science and philosophy, where non-materialism is often considered not true and something that people not educated in science agree with, it is an inductive case where it is possible to argue against the cases inductive by showing counterexamples. Parapsychology provides a significant amount of empirical counterexamples to physicalism.