Genomic conflict occurs when genes that influence the same trait experience different selection pressures because they obey different transmission rules or experience opposing selection at different levels of a nested hierarchy. Therefore genomic conflict can arise in two situations which include multilevel hierarchical selection which occurs when one selection process is contained within another selection process such as in meiotic drive and cancer, and another situation, when the transmission is asymmetric so that the different genetic elements in the do not follow the same transmission routes. The previous situation of genomic conflict (asymmetric transmission) can be explained by taking as an example male sterility in flowering plants such as Plantago coronopis. Plantago coronopis is a gynodioecious rosette plant; that is, it has two types of flowers which are made up of flowers that have both male and female parts and other flowers that have only female parts and very reduced or absent sterile male parts. Several hermaphroditic plant species contain some individuals that do not produce viable pollen. These male-sterile plants are actually female, unlike normal individuals who have flowers that have both male and female reproductive structures. Since mitochondria are passed down only in the female line, mitochondrial mutations that improve female fitness are favored by natural selection, regardless of their impact on male fitness. A mitochondrial mutation that reduces male function and improves female function will then be selected. However, nuclear genes are transmitted with equal probability through pollen and ovules, and nuclear genes that affect the reproductive organs are selected for the same response as the lower level to escape the fate of the higher level. response by moving to another "replicator". Since genomic conflict reduces fitness at the highest level, such a gene will become extinct by selection. However, in one sexual lineage, the sex is capable of combining buds from different lines, which results in the formation of genetic variations within the nuclear genome. It is also capable of creating genetic variation in cytoplasmic genomes and creates opportunities for non-chromosomal genetic elements to switch hosts. Therefore, when gamete fusion is followed by a meiotic division that produces haploid reproductive cells with genetic recombination and segregation, genetic elements are able to associate with replicators other than their original hosts. Therefore this shows that sexual organisms are more prone to genomic conflict than asexual ones.
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