Richard I, also known as Richard the Lionheart for his "reputation as a great leader and warrior", was the third of the five sons of King Henry II and Eleanor of 'Aquitaine. Richard the Lionheart had taken command of his army at the age of 16 and his military reputation came from battles in Poitou, controlling rebellions. A crusade is a "military expedition made by Europeans to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims in the 11th, 12th, 13th century". These holy wars were brutal campaigns launched by the Christian states of Europe against the Saracens, this was the word used for Muslims during the Middle Ages, for many reasons such as politics, religion and social change. The city of Jerusalem had great sacred significance for the Christian religion. The Basilica of the Holy Sepulcher commemorated the hill of Christ's crucifixion and the tomb where He was buried. For this reason many Christians went on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, but in 1065 three thousand Christians were killed and the remaining persecuted. Once Europe realized this, it wanted to fight against this and rebel.....