Among all the different fields of development, emotional expression plays a very important role for people to understand the feelings of infants and children before they can accurately express one's thoughts through linguistic communication. Simply put, emotion means the rapid assessment of the personal meaning of the situation, which prepares people for action. For example, happiness, interest, surprise, fear, anger, and sadness are the six basic emotions in humans (Berk, 2012); people can easily identify his emotional state by observing his facial expression in many situations. Although the expression of emotions is universal, much research shows that emotional development can vary greatly depending on culture. According to Camras et al. (1998), the expression of emotions is different in European American, Japanese, and Chinese children. In the research, they selected 11-month-old children from three different cultural groups, and each group was divided equally by gender. Each child would wear light clothing and participate in three procedures (arm holding, disappearing toy, and growing gorilla) during the experiment. The babies' facial expressions would be coded with the Baby Facial Action Coding System (BabyFACS), an anatomically based coding system that describes facial movements in babies. All procedures were recorded by two video cameras; one of them only showed a close-up view of the child's face; another showed a wide-angle view of the child's entire body movement (Camras et al., 1998). After the three dependent variables (facial movement time, expression variability, and expression lability) were analyzed, the researchers found that Chinese children were the least expressive compared to European...... middle of paper ......references of emotional expression between different cultures. Most people generally agree that children raised in Asian culture will tend to control their negative emotions and have less facial expressiveness; while children raised in Western culture are more willing to express their feelings directly and have greater facial expressiveness. Although the above-mentioned studies showed cultural influences on emotional development, the participants all came from normal (two-parent) families. Future studies may also attempt to explore cultural influences in emotional expression by studying children from single-parent families; Furthermore, there may also be differences in emotional development if children grow up with siblings or pets. The child is a small creature full of possibilities; future research could explore the more unknown sides of children.
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