Clinical and Abnormal Psychology“What is normal in abnormal?”This essay will explain why it is difficult to define, classify and diagnose normal and abnormal behavior. It will evaluate the anomaly through cultural issues and diagnostic techniques and will strive to illustrate the possible causes of mental disorders. Abnormal and normal behavior are not easily defined. What is abnormal? It means deviating from the norm. What is normal? Normality depends on the individual's religious beliefs, developmental stage, maturity and, above all, environment; cultural difference that will determine acceptable behavior. Because there are no diagnostic tests to determine the abnormality, psychiatrists rely on symptoms and subjective criteria. However, defining normality is even more difficult, but most psychologists agree on the following points specifying emotional well-being and agree with Atkinson et al. (1993), since the ideal mental health criterion is Efficient perception of reality; Accurate self-knowledge; Ability to exercise voluntary control over behavior; Self-esteem and acceptance; Ability to form emotional relationships; and Productivity. There are four models of Anomaly which are: Doctor – Pinel (1745-1826) for Europe and Dix - (1802-1887) for America, the practice is used all over the world; Psychodynamic - psychodynamism was invented at the end of the 19th century by Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). Freud believed that mental disorders were caused by internal factors, he considered them psychological rather than physical conditions; Behavioral – The cause of Watson and Rayner (1920) could be environmental factors and fear conditioning or other conditions; and Cognitive – Bandura (1969) through observation....... half of the article ......, expectations and attitudes in anomalies. Therapeutic therapy aims to alter mental processes and monitor effectiveness in daily life and has a more comprehensive approach than other therapies. Albert Ellis (1962) used rational emotional therapy (RET), which encouraged realistic expectations of oneself. To conclude, research on normal and abnormal behaviors has come a long way over the years. The treatment of anomalies has been improved to help in many ways with the appropriate therapeutic intervention. As different cultures have been implemented in DSM IV, there has been an improvement in diagnostic techniques and behavior control. There are many types and severities of mental disorders that involve different treatments; this is why thorough evaluations are compiled before diagnosis. Is it that abnormality in normality or is it that society is more
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