Despite the fact that lean manufacturing suggests the possibility of large quantities of improvements and the theories are generally simple, most organizations that apply lean manufacturing do not benefit from the its advantages. A 2007 Industry Week (2008) study found that approximately 70% of manufacturers in the United States had adopted a lean manufacturing program; however, only 2% of organizations fully achieved their intended results and 74% of organizations admitted they did not experience the expected growth. The widespread implementation of lean manufacturing and resulting poor outcomes have prompted much research into understanding the sources for implementing lean manufacturing.