Articles discussed new cell phone philosophies and their benefits; like the article by Kukulsa-Hulme and Traxter which specifies the advantages of the new philosophy, m-learning. Other articles focused on previous events of harm caused by cell phones to others and their current effect on others today. Most of the articles are peer-reviewed or published in journals and come from reliable sources such as Gale, Google Scholar, and EBSCO. While the other few were government-owned sites. These articles date back no further than 2001, a time when the popularity of cell phones was on the rise, and stopped in 2014; to show how society has been affected by the growth of cell phones over time. The authors of the articles are usually graduates or have the highest qualification in their profession; for example, Madden and Lenhart are senior research specialists. Therefore the included items are