IndexIntroductionUsing DNA ExtractionConclusionIntroductionDNAs are molecules in chromosomes that contain your genetic information. Every human has a different set of DNA. The first person to study DNA was the Swiss chemist Johann Friedrich Miescher in the 1860s. Some of the famous pioneers who contributed to the study and research of DNA were James Watson, Francis Crick and Rosalind Franklin. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay Thanks to these scientists, we are now able to use DNA in laboratories around the world in just a few hours to solve problems and solve cases. We are now able to perform forensic testing, diagnostic testing, carrier testing and paternity testing. One of the most famous methods used to perform these tests is DNA extraction. DNA extraction is the process in which DNA is separated from the cellular material contained in the acquired cell. While this process is immensely useful in genetic research and forensic testing, it is a very critical and labor-intensive process. Persons handling DNA must use caution to avoid contamination or crossover of the DNA sample. To extract DNA, the sample is placed in a tube with a lysis buffer, which is intended to break down the cell membrane. The lysis buffer is then washed, and substances that degrade proteins and RNA (ribonucleic acid) in the cell, such as proteases and RNases, are then placed in a container with the sample. The sample is then cleaned, captured and ready for extraction. Once the extraction solution is added to the cells, they are placed in an incubator overnight, undisturbed. Subsequently, the extract is collected. Using DNA Extraction DNA extraction has numerous uses. One such use is in the genetic modification of plants. Genetic engineers can remove or add characteristics to the plant such as resistance to pesticides or change in size. Many farms use it to increase their production. DNA extraction. They then clone the genes they need and use them in other plants. Another use of DNA is in the pharmaceutical industry. It is usually the first step in the development of various types of medicines. An example of this is the hepatitis B vaccine. Forensic testing is the use of each person's unique DNA to identify the person convicted of a crime in a group of suspects. This type of testing has aided law enforcement and the achievement of justice. DNA is found in every part of the body such as hair strands, blood, sweat, saliva, etc. This evidence is found on the weapons used in the crimes, the furniture used in the crime, the clothes the suspect was wearing, and more. This makes forensic DNA testing quite affordable. Forensic scientists collect DNA from the crime scene and work to find an identical match to it. Forensic DNA testing was first used in 1985, in England, when a 17-year-old boy was accused of killing and raping two women in his neighborhood. DNA tests revealed that the boy was actually innocent and helped the police force catch the real criminal. Paternity DNA testing is used to confirm a child's biological parents or any biological relationship (e.g. siblings, aunts, grandparents, cousins). . Since half of the child's DNA is inherited from the mother and the other half from the father, the child's DNA and that of the parent are tested to find a match. This form of testing is one of the most reliable forms used in medicine.