To use a person in this way is to deprive him of the right to be an end in himself. Such deprivation means that Jim, in this scenario, is indeed a murderer. This being the case, even if Jim saved more lives or produced more happiness, he would not be excused for his moral error, just because it would present a better outcome than if he had abstained. Likewise, you need to focus on Jim's options in this scenario. Just because he would have been unsuccessful in his attempt to save the prisoners does not mean that he is morally obligated to ignore this opportunity. Jim could take the gun and try to free the natives, and while he might not succeed, he wouldn't become a