Topic > Geopolitical Theories of the Early 20th Century - 2081

IntroductionGeopolitics has been a major obsession of nation-states throughout history and even today. The strategies that nation-states use to assert their position relative to other states are complex and change with the new nature of states and power in the world. Mackinder originally formulated one of the most crucial geopolitical models to capture how states compete for power over space, which has seen renewed relevance as Afghanistan continues to be at the center of a global power struggle. While organic theories of how nation-states behave and exist in a similar way to organisms (relating to geopolitical actions and ambitions) were written by early German writers such as Ratzel and Haushofer (although they existed before this), who they have tended to be adopted by authoritarian regimes and have been extended to the use of repression. These models can be seen to work in combination with each other and form the backbone of geopolitical theory and can be widely applied. But originally they were ideas conceived with a very different world in mind than the current one. It would therefore be interesting to see whether modern nation states, in the face of globalization (whereby the proper role of states has been redefined) still adhere to these theoretical frameworks regarding the way they conduct geopolitical activity. The theory of the organic stateSince ancient times the idea of ​​a state has been compared to an organism, just as an organism functions as the sum of multiple organisms and cells concerned with individual functions, as well as the state. Bluntschli, a 19th century Swiss politician/political writer, summarized these notions in the first chapter of his book on the State, 'T... middle of paper... study in the politics of reconstruction. (page 106). London: Constable and Company, ltd. DOI: Democratic Ideals and Realities; a study on the politics of reconstructionRumer, B. (2002). The Central Asian Powers. Survival, 44(3), 57-68. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00396330212331343422Samokhvalov, V. (2007). Relations in the Russia-Ukraine-European Union triangle: 'zero-sum game' or not?. Occasional Paper, 68(01), Retrieved from http://ftp.infoeuropa.eurocid.pt/database/000038001-000039000/000038996.pdfSmith, W. (1980). Friedrich Ratzel and the origins of lebensraum. Journal of German Studies, 3(1), 51-68. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1429483Tunander, O. (2001). Swedish-German geopolitics for a new century: "The State as a Living Organism" by Rudolf Kjellén. Review of International Studies, 27, 451. doi: 10.1017/S026021050100451X