For further information, Zaccaro believes that a leader must have distal attributes. These innate, stable traits are similar to the early trait theory, however what differs is that all three must work together. These traits are the “fundamental qualities that promote fundamental effectiveness in most generic leadership situations” (Zaccaro 2007). It is within this combination that leadership can begin to emerge. The next set of traits that Zaccaro classifies as proximal. These traits are more situationally influenced and therefore may be mediated by the "leader's operating environment". Zaccaro cites his previous work: Situational influences therefore moderate the effects of specific proximal attributes on leadership processes and the effects of processes on leadership outcomes. The quality and level of these proximal skills, however, are fundamentally defined by more universal distal traits (Zaccaro