SocializationThrough socialization, a society transmits cultural values to its members, intelligence is learned, and personalities develop. In every society, there are four types of social interaction and many socialization agents, but each society approaches them differently, and different societies may have different socialization agents. This is because every society socializes differently. The San have no authority figures to maintain order in their society, but while deviance is present, there are no gangs or thieves. San socialization is quite successful; therefore, there is little deviance throughout their society. Since there are no formal institutions, socialization is implicit. Through early socialization, children observe and imitate adult roles. Ju/'hoansi children learn a lot from other children in their society. Older children help younger children by teaching them the rules of the game and how to play it correctly. As adolescents, Ju/'hoansi spend most of their time socializing with adults; the boys hunt with the men while the women gather with the women. San people have norms of reciprocity, which dictate when and how to give gifts, as well as to whom the gift should be given. Cooperation, when everyone helps to achieve a common goal, is the second type of interaction. This is demonstrated during the dry season, when people in society help carry any large animal killed by a hunter, and through games played by children. The San find competition frightening and ridicule anyone who exaggerates their pride. They also try to avoid conflicts. The San people have four important rites of passage that symbolize their transition to adulthood. The First...... middle of paper...... their significant others and can play “house” to mimic these roles. They begin to understand that the roles of the mother are very different from those of the father. The final phase of this process is known as the gaming phase. Through this stage, the child learns the roles of “generalized others,” which are all other roles in society. Children begin to interact with other people throughout society; therefore, they learn society's values and incorporate them into their lives. Through socialization, a society transmits cultural values to its members, intelligence is learned and personalities develop. In every society there are four types of social interaction and many socialization agents, but each society approaches them differently, and different societies may have different socialization agents. This is because every society socializes differently.
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