In Guzman's theory, states are faced with a prisoner's dilemma of whether or not to comply with legal obligations. [Guzman, 20] His model is specific to competition between states and their dilemmas regarding bilateral investment treaties. Although this particular situation is limited in scope, the overall theory can be expanded to support the narrative of persuasion theory. According to Guzman's theory, states would look at international law in terms of opportunity cost. States would weigh the benefits of committing to international law and compliance with the externalities of non-commitment or non-compliance and select the most advantageous option for