Labeling theory is the way in which an individual's behavior and personal identity can be determined or influenced by the labels used to classify them. The concepts of self-fulfilling prophecy and stereotypes can be associated with this theory. This theory focuses on the tendency to negatively label minority groups or those perceived as deviating from cultural norms. Developed in the 1950s and 1960s by sociologists, with Howard Beckers' 1963 book, Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance, influencing the development of this theory as it is used today. Henslin (232) states that symbolic interactionists developed labeling theory, which focuses on the meaning of labels (names, reputations) that are assigned. Deviance from these processes arises from the way people interact socially. This means that deviance is not a quality of what a person does, but of how other people interpret what someone is doing. The end of World War II saw changing norms and values as major social and political changes began to occur. Women began working outside the home, the sexual revolution and drug use became socially acceptable within some groups, not necessarily legal. These social changes saw the emergence of new attitudes and behaviors and some were determined to be deviant, therefore attracting labels such as drug addicts, alcoholics, criminals, prostitutes, sex offenders and psychiatric patients. Symbolic interactionist labeling theory focuses on the meaning of these given labels. Deviance from them is a process that results from the way people interact socially. By this we mean that deviance is not a quality of what a person does, but of how other people interpret some of his actions. These labels then affect… half of the paper… recorded an open finding that listed Azaria's cause of death as "unknown." The fourth investigation in 2012 found that a dingo had indeed taken Azaria. The Chamberlain trial was the most publicized in Australian history and also shows how labeling can influence people's perception of a person. As a mother who lost a child, Lindy's behavior in the courtroom was perceived as deviant when she appeared cold and emotionless during the trial. This was perceived as going against the norm, thus it did not gain her any sympathy from many media outlets or the general population. It also helped people perceive her as a cold-blooded killer. Even today people's opinion is divided on whether they are innocent or not, but the fact remains that this case highlights how labels can influence the general population and influence how they judge the behavior of a person or people..
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