Narcissistic Personality Disorder Arrogance; an offensive way of thinking or behaving that results from believing that one is better, smarter, or more important than other people. Arrogance is an attitude that can describe any individual with overbearing pride. However, the American Psychiatric Association notes that people who are also narcissists are often described as arrogant, self-centered, manipulative, and demanding. According to Paul J. Hannig, Ph.D, narcissistic personality disorder is “a pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy” (Ashmun). By examining the relationships, behaviors, and internal conflicts within Willa Cather's Paul case, Paul's “case” can be diagnosed as narcissistic personality disorder. Paul demonstrates narcissistic personality traits including an arrogant and haughty attitude. Throughout the story, Paul thinks he is superior to others in school and loves whenever the attention is on him. It is evident that Paul is self-centered and feels superior to school officials and students. The author describes a typical school day and states: "In one class he habitually sat with his hand shielding his eyes... in another, he made a running commentary on the lesson, with humorous intentions" (Cather). Due to the fact that Paul has an overbearing pride, he perceives school as a game. He believes that both the student body and staff are inferior to him. His sense of entitlement and unrealistic expectations ultimately resulted in this disorder, and as a result, it negatively affects his life. His bold personality traits, including arrogance, a sense of entitlement, and selfishness, reveal signs of a deep-rooted personality disorder. Ultimately, Paul's personality traits identify him as an unstable individual looking for a solution