Financial Inclusion for Individuals Promoting the use of financial services by individuals requires addressing market failures, such as information asymmetry and moral hazard, that prevent widespread use of financial products. Expanding financial inclusion for individuals requires commitment from both the private sector and government. Technological progress, likely driven by the private sector and facilitated by the public sector, is expected to help increase the financial inclusion of individuals. This chapter examines the roles of technology, product design, financial capability, financial education programs, consumer protection and market conduct, as well as government policies in promoting financial inclusion. The roles of technologyIn this section, banking services and mobile payments, innovative distribution channels, technologies for better borrower identification and credit reporting, and the adoption of new technologies have been discussed: the role of the market environment and competition. This section examines the growth of mobile banking and payment systems and discusses technology-based business models and the role of improved borrower identification and credit reporting technologies in financial inclusion. This section also highlights that technology-based strategies for financial inclusion vary substantially across countries and examines the characteristics of national market environments that determine which technologies are best suited to improve financial inclusion, as well as the related characteristics to market structure and regulation that could make financial inclusion more suitable for improving financial inclusion. success of some technology-based solutions that are difficult to replicate elsewhere. The main innovations in retail payment systems date back to the spread of card-based payment services. Credit cards have become a means of paper. Information asymmetries between those requesting and providing financial services can lead to adverse selection and moral hazard. The government can improve financial inclusion by facilitating banks' access to borrower information by passing laws and regulations or by directly establishing public credit registries. The use of public funds is easy to justify in the interests of improving access and thus promoting adequate growth. Several other direct interventions for financial inclusion have attracted attention in recent years, such as government-to-person (G2P) payments, the use of state-owned banks, the use of government postal services for financial inclusion and strategies explicit measures of financial inclusion. Many countries have adopted formal national financial inclusion strategies, and the financial inclusion strategy is driven by the central bank.