Explain the various types of organizational communication [15 m]Communication is a process that involves the exchange of information, thoughts, ideas and emotions. Communication is a process that involves a sender encoding and sending the message, which is then transported via the communication channel to the recipient where the recipient decodes the message, processes the information, and sends an appropriate response via the same communication channel. Organizational communication addresses how information circulates among a company's employees. In general, knowledge passes from one person to another within a company in two ways: via an informal or formal communication network. Both methods are used simultaneously, with lower-level employees usually directing the informal network while higher supervisors control the formal communication patterns. External Communication An organization, when communicating with government agencies, other organizations, clients, customers and public, is called external communication The means used can be written such as letters, reports, proposals or visual means such as posters, advertising video cassettes or electronic means such as fax , telegrams, e-mails, telexes. Communication may also take place via teleconferences, face-to-face meetings, roundtables or presentations, exhibitions and similar events. Benefits of External Communication External communication helps an organization keep its outsourcing agencies such as distributors, wholesalers, retailers and customers well informed about the company's products, services, progress and objectives. The information is continually updated and accurate. All organizations must maintain cordial relationships with...... middle of paper...... can learn more effectively. Fullness of meaning: If the knowledge material is full of meaning, the individual will learn it more effectively and easily, which means that less material cannot be learned easily nor held in long-term memory. Practice and repetition: a single act is learned in a single trial, but complex acts require repeated paths. If material is difficult to learn, it can be learned through practice or repeated testing. Learning in parts: If the material is that long it can be divided into small parts, so that the individual can learn specific knowledge, skills, etc. more effectively. Reward and punishment: The presence or absence of reward can influence learning, in general, reward is more effective in promoting learning than punishment, the latter has some effects on learning, it tends to repress a response desired and then extinguished it.