Topic > Onnagata: the art of the woman in Japanese Kabuki - 1700

The grace of a swan, subtle and graceful movements, beauty and finesse, these are all aspects of the Japanese Onnagata 1. The Onnagata (male actors who play women) in Japan is seen as the ideal woman, according to the revered Misaki Isaka, their conduct "off the stage is responsible for the artistry on stage, such as singing (ka), dancing (bu) and acting (ki)" 2. This is how Japanese society has come to see them over the years, but in reality the Onnagata is a repressed individual who is not allowed to express his masculinity in any aspect of society. This can be seen in a quote, within a story, written by Yukio Mishima; “He must live like a woman in his daily life, he can hardly be considered an accomplished Onnagata. When he appears on the scene, the more he concentrates on performing this or that essentially feminine action, the more masculine he will seem”3. The Onnagata, in Japan, is the perfect ideal woman who surpasses all women, but they are the contradictory male representation of the male fantasy. The way that Onnagata is essentially present in Japanese society has created a new gender ideal in Japan and a new form of repression. "Kabuki would have died if female characters had not become increasingly believable, rather than merely cute, had begun to appear in the mature male kabuki that emerged in the 1650s... an open transition from gay theater to Gei theater, gei being Japanese by art.. . Only actors of the past could suffice their adolescence and were forced by law to reduce their physical attractiveness" 4. The dictatorial members of the government of the time believed that homosexual women and men had overstepped their limits in the theater, thus banishing them. One reason for this is the essential composition of society; the women in A...... in the center of the card ......the protests against this form of life, I had never realized that this was the basis of their ideas.19. Isaka, Misaki, “Box Lunch Etiquette”, Manners and Mischief, 56. (Ayame, a famous Onnagata of the Tokugawa period who established decorum for Onnagata. Said that one should show dedication to one's every action, including eating, and one should not never leave their role place on stage. They must become beautiful in every way and be beautiful even in old age. Ayame told them to embody real women and appear mischievous with a mind chaste and should never be seen to purposely make the audience laugh because it is shameful, their most important role is to appear chaste).20. never capture the full sense of femininity, because it is a fragment of a brief moment in time, simply a fragment of a lifestyle).